I'm giving up on the virtual machine for now. I can easily set one up, but GPU passthrough is too complicated for my monkybrain to understand.
Instead, I'm going to resurrect my old ASRock 970 PC and install Windows 7 on it. Basically, I'm only going to run two programs on it.
Interestingly, when I took a look at the CPU to see what it was, I noticed some bent pins. That's probably why it was randomly shutting down on me.
The good thing about old hardware is that you can get better parts cheaply. I'm basically doing a mini upgrade with parts that would have been out of my price range over a decade ago.